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Problem

The United States uses the imperial system of weights and measures, which means that there are many different, seemingly arbitrary units to measure distance. There are 12 inches in a foot, 3 feet in a yard, 22 yards in a chain, and so on.

Create a data structure that can efficiently convert a certain quantity of one unit to the correct amount of any other unit. You should also allow for additional units to be added to the system.

Examples

Example 1

Solution

To solve this problem, we can create a data structure that captures the relationships between different units and allows efficient conversion between them.

Method 1 - Using Hashmap

This class will store conversion factors between different units in a map and provide methods to convert between units and add new units.

We use a HashMap to store conversion factors from different units to a base unit (inches in this case).
The key in the map is the unit name (e.g., "inch", "foot"), and the value is the conversion factor to inches.

Code

[{"language":"Java","code":"public class ImperialUnitConverter {\n    // Map to store conversion factors for each unit to a base unit (e.g., inches).\n    private Map < String, Double > conversionFactors;\n\n    public ImperialUnitConverter() {\n        conversionFactors = new HashMap<>();\n\n        // Initialize with some known conversions\n        addUnit(\"inch\", 1.0);\n        addUnit(\"foot\", 12.0); // 1 foot = 12 inches\n        addUnit(\"yard\", 36.0); // 1 yard = 3 feet = 36 inches\n        addUnit(\"chain\", 792.0); // 1 chain = 22 yards = 792 inches\n    }\n\n    public void addUnit(String unit, double factorToInch) {\n        conversionFactors.put(unit, factorToInch);\n    }\n\n    public double convert(double quantity, String fromUnit, String toUnit) {\n        if (!conversionFactors.containsKey(fromUnit) || !conversionFactors.containsKey(toUnit)) {\n            throw new IllegalArgumentException(\"Unknown unit: \" + fromUnit + \" or \" + toUnit);\n        }\n\n        double factorFrom = conversionFactors.get(fromUnit);\n        double factorTo = conversionFactors.get(toUnit);\n\n        // Convert the quantity to the base unit (inches) first, then to the target unit\n        double quantityInInches = quantity * factorFrom;\n        return quantityInInches / factorTo;\n    }\n\n    public static void main(String[] args) {\n        ImperialUnitConverter converter = new ImperialUnitConverter();\n\n        // Examples of conversion\n        double feetToYards = converter.convert(6, \"foot\", \"yard\"); // 6 feet to yards\n        System.out.println(\"6 feet is \" + feetToYards + \" yards\");\n\n        double yardsToChains = converter.convert(44, \"yard\", \"chain\"); // 44 yards to chains\n        System.out.println(\"44 yards is \" + yardsToChains + \" chains\");\n\n        // Adding a new unit and converting\n        converter.addUnit(\"mile\", 63360.0); // 1 mile = 63360 inches\n\n        double milesToInches = converter.convert(1, \"mile\", \"inch\"); // 1 mile to inches\n        System.out.println(\"1 mile is \" + milesToInches + \" inches\");\n\n        double chainsToMiles = converter.convert(88, \"chain\", \"mile\"); // 88 chains to miles\n        System.out.println(\"88 chains is \" + chainsToMiles + \" miles\");\n    }\n}","lang":"java"}]

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